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中华人民共和国动植物检疫局关于印发《进境花卉检疫管理办法》的通知

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中华人民共和国动植物检疫局关于印发《进境花卉检疫管理办法》的通知

动植物检疫局


中华人民共和国动植物检疫局关于印发《进境花卉检疫管理办法》的通知

          (动植检植字〔1998〕4号)

 

各直属口岸局、植物检疫所、农业部植物检疫实验所:

  为做好进境花卉检疫管理工作,根据《中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫法实施条例》的规定,制定《进境花卉检疫管理办法》,现印发给你们,自1998年4月1日起施行。

  附件:进境花卉检疫管理办法

 

                       中华人民共和国动植物检疫局

                         一九九八年三月十六日

 

             进境花卉检疫管理办法

 

  第一条 为了防止植物检疫性有害生物随进境花卉传入我国,保护我国花卉生产安全,根据《中华人民共和国进出境动植物检疫法实施条例》的规定,制定本办法。

  第二条 本办法适用于贸易、科研、交换、携带、邮寄、展览、赠送以及享有外交、领事特权与豁免权的外国机构和人员公用或者自用的进境花卉,包括花卉种苗(花卉种子、花卉种球、花卉苗木)和切花(切叶)。

  第三条 花卉种苗进境前,货主或者其代理人必须事先提出申请,按照有关规定办理检疫审批手续,经审批同意后,方可对外签订贸易合同或者协议,并将检疫要求列入有关条款中。

  携带、邮寄的花卉种苗,因特殊情况无法事先办理检疫审批手续的,携带人或者收件人应当在口岸补办检疫审批手续,经审批同意并检疫合格后方准进境。

  第四条 国家动植物检疫局和口岸动植物检疫机关根据情况对向我国出口的贸易性花卉种苗的外国花卉公司实行注册登记制度。必要时,商输出国家有关部门同意派检疫人员赴输出国产地进行疫情调查和预检。

  口岸动植物检疫机关对进境花卉种苗国内种植地实行检疫监督管理。

  第五条 花卉种苗进境时应符合下列条件:

  (一)附有检疫审批单;

  (二)附有输出国家或者地区官方植物检疫部门出具的植物检疫证书;

  (三)不得带有我国规定的进境植物检疫性有害生物;

  (四)不得带有土壤;

  (五)符合中国与输出国家或者地区签订的有关双边植物检疫协定、备忘录、议定书、工作计划等;

  (六)原产地标记明确。

  第六条 随花卉进境的营养介质也应符合国家动植物检疫局制定的有关规定。

  第七条 货主或者其代理人应当在花卉进境前或者进境时,向进境口岸动植物检疫机关报检。报检时,应当填写报检单,提交输出国家或者地区官方出具的植物检疫证书、贸易合同等单证。

  第八条 对进境的花卉种苗,检疫人员应根据不同的产地、数量、种类、品种和质量状况按规定进行现场检疫和抽样,并将样品及时送实验室检验。

  第九条 进境花卉种苗,须作以下隔离检疫:

  (一)属资源性引种的须在国家级检疫隔离圃隔离种植;

  (二)属生产性引种的须在口岸动植物检疫机关认可的隔离场所进行隔离种植。

  隔离种植期间,种植地口岸动植物检疫机关应进行检疫和监管。检疫隔离场所需符合下列条件:

  ——具有防虫能力的网室、温室,或者具有自然隔离条件;

  ——与同科其他植物隔离;

  ——配备有植保专业技术人员;

  ——具有防止隔离植物流失和病、虫扩散的管理措施。

  第十条 进境口岸动植物检疫机关对进境花卉种苗调离至辖区外种植的,应及时将检疫情况及流向通知种植地口岸动植物检疫机关进行隔离种植检疫和监管。

  属于转关的,货主或者其代理人应当在进境时向进境口岸动植物检疫机关申报,到种植地口岸动植物检疫机关报检并检疫。进境口岸动植物检疫机关应及时将有关信息通知种植地口岸动植物检疫机关。

  第十一条 根据现场和室内检疫结果,在进境花卉中发现植物检疫性有害生物的,作除害处理,无有效除害处理方法的,作销毁或者退回处理;发现有刺吸性传毒昆虫的,作灭虫处理;在营养介质中发现寄生性线虫的,作杀灭线虫处理。

  在隔离检疫期间,发现植物检疫性有害生物的,对隔离检疫的所有花卉种苗作销毁处理,并作好疫情监测工作。

  第十二条 在进境花卉检疫中发现携带有检疫性有害生物并进行检疫处理的,口岸动植物检疫机关将出具植物检疫证书供货主对外索赔。

  第十三条 在进境花卉检疫中发现携带有检疫性有害生物的,且又无有效检疫处理方法的,将暂停从该国进境此种花卉。待输出国植物检疫部门采取有效措施并经国家动植物检疫局确认后方可恢复进口。

  第十四条 在中国举办展览用的进境花卉,按下列要求办理:

  (一)展览前,举办单位或者代理人应向当地口岸动植物检疫机关提出申请,详细提供展览用的花卉种类、数量、产地等有关信息,并报国家动植物检疫局批准后,方可对外签订展览合同或者协议。

  (二)入境时,接受口岸动植物检疫机关的检疫;

  (三)展览期间,接受口岸动植物检疫机关的检疫监督管理。

  (四)展览期间或者结束后,对带有土壤的花卉种苗,如需销售或者转赠的,须进行换土,换下的土壤作无害化处理。遗弃的花卉种苗须在口岸动植物检疫机关的监督下进行销毁处理。

  第十五条 本办法自1998年4月1日起施行。







网络购物维权困境及救济

作 者:郭丽英

网络购物因其物美价廉、方便快捷而风靡时下,受到消费者的青睐,网络购物消费异军突起。然而伴随网络购物如火如荼的进行也有诸多不和谐、不诚信的现象,比如:商品假冒伪劣、网络诈骗、售后服务缺失等等。网上交易投诉近几年大幅度增加,消费者在进行网络购物时如何保护自己的合法权益引起人们越来越多的关注。
一、 网络购物存在的法律问题
(一)责任主体确认难。《消费者权益保护法》第二十条规定,“经营者应当标明其真实姓名和标记。租赁他人柜台或者场地的经营者,应当标明真实名称和标记。网络交易具有虚拟性,经营者多用虚拟网名注册,仅对交易商品进行简单说明和图片展示,公布联络电话、收款账户等最基本的交易信息,至于经营者的真实身份、住所、是否注册登记、资金规模及履行偿付能力等关系交易安全的信息,消费者大多无从知晓。
(二)诉讼管辖法院难以确认。由于虚拟交易的特殊性质,经营者不需要进行工商登记,致使消费者无法获得经营者真实身份、住所、是否注册登记、资金规模及履行偿付能力等信息。一旦发生纠纷,消费者无论提起违约之诉还是侵权之诉,都因无法确定被告住所地、合同履行地、侵权人所在地、侵权事实发生地、受害人所在地等导致无法起诉。
(三)在证据调取上,消费者处弱势群体的地位。网络购物程序十分简单,然而纠纷发生后消费者维权调查取证却十分困难。一是对对方当事人基本情况难查明;二是因买卖双方无具结书面契约,对标的、数量、质量、价款及报酬、履行期限、履行地点、履行方式、违约责任、解决争议的方法及售后服务等没有具体的约定;消费者能调取的商品广告信息、汇款凭证和购物联络记录也多为网络上的数据凭证三是产品销售商通常不随产品开具相关收款凭证给消费者,在涉及售后服务纠纷时缺乏依据。
(四)诉讼成本高、司法资源浪费严重。网络购物所涉及商品大多金额较小,通过诉讼途径解决纠纷对消费者而言费时费力,取证困难,成本太高。而异地送达、调查取证等工作在司法资源紧张的当下也是司法资源的浪费。
二、如何保护消费者合法权益
(一)应该加强立法工作,建立和完善相关法律、法规。我国有关电子商务的法律法规、监管机制还不完善,有关网络购物的立法工作仍处于滞后状态,对互联网交易立法,就交易赔偿责任承担主体、权利与义务、纠纷处理机制、赔付途径等做出规定势在必行。我国应该制定一部统一的规范电子商务的法律法规对于电子证据法律地位、侵权行为地的确定、诉讼管辖权、诉讼主体的确定、电子支付、电子商务的消费者保护、隐私权保护、纠纷处理机制、等等诸多的网络购物中突出的问题法律作出明确规定。
(二)消费者应增强自我保护意识。网络购物要尽量选择正规的、知名的网站和网上商店。消费者购物时要仔细了解与商品或者服务有关的所有信息,如网络服务经营者和商家的信用度、商品的质量保障及售后服务情况;购买前要多跟商家沟通,详细了解商品情况和付款方式,采用安全的网上付款方式,并注意保存聊天记录,注意保存相关网页和付款凭证,索要发票,以便事后据此维护权益
(三)强化网络营运商的监管责任,建立起我国电子商务经营的申请、注册、审批、管理制度。网络营运商对销售商家所发布的信息应负审查义务,建立网络销售公司与网络营运商的连带责任制度。网络商家应提供真实的信息材料,并予以登记备案公示,领取、安装电子备案登记标识,便于发生纠纷后能迅速找到违法侵权人。
(四)完善纠纷处理赔付机制和消费者救助制度。完善现行消费纠纷的诉讼程序,借鉴其他国家的做法,设立小额消费争议的简易司法程序。建立全国性网络购物纠纷处理机构及赔付机制,建立全国性的在线投诉网站,由消协组织协调纠纷。尝试第三方先行赔付,如果消费者在网站购物遇到质量问题、无法找到卖家解决时,可向指定的第三方要求赔付,然后由第三方负责找到卖家解决问题。采取对消费者更有利、更简便快捷的方式解决消费纠纷,减轻消费者诉讼之累。
(五)加强行业自律,建立诚信机制,加强我国电子商务信用体系的建设。  

对于违反进出口许可证管理制度的处罚规定(附英文)

海关总署 对对外贸易经济合作部


对于违反进出口许可证管理制度的处罚规定(附英文)

1989年1月25日,海关总署、对外经贸部

第一条 为了严肃处理违反进出口许可证管理制度的案件,保证进出口许可证管理制度的有效实施,依照《中华人民共和国海关法》、《中华人民共和国进口货物许可证管理制度暂行条例》和《中华人民共和国海关法行政处罚实施细则》,制定本规定。
第二条 伪造进、出口货物许可证,企图蒙混进口或出口货物的,没收货物,并处货物等值以下、百分之三十以上的罚款,情节严重的,依法追究刑事责任。
第三条 伪报进出口货物品名、规格等,借以逃避进口许可证管理的,没收货物,并处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款;借以逃避出口许可证管理的,没收货物,或责令退运,不准出口,并处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款。
将一般贸易项下实行进口许可证管理的商品伪报为来料加工、进料加工或以其他名义进口,借以逃避进口许可证管理的,没收货物,并处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款。
进口少报多进,出口少报多出许可证管理商品的,除没收多进或多出的货物(有溢短装规定的除外),并处有关货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款。
在非许可证管理商品中混藏许可证管理商品的,没收许可证管理商品,并处有关货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款。
第四条 涂改进口许可证品名、规格、数量、有效期等内容的,没收货物,并处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款;涂改出口许可证品名、规格、数量、有效期等内容的,没收货物,并处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之十以上的罚款。
对非法冒用进出口许可证的,其进出口货物按前款规定处理。
第五条 申报进口属于许可证管理的商品,不能提交有关许可证的,没收货物或责令退运,如按海关规定期限补交进口许可证的,处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之五以上的罚款;申报出口属于许可证管理的商品,不能提交有关许可证的,没收货物或责令退运。
第六条 经海关同意具保放行,在规定期限内不能补交许可证,如属于无证进出口,骗取海关具保放行的,处没收货物或追缴货物等值价款,如属超期交验的,处货物等值百分之三十以下、百分之五以上的罚款。
第七条 来料加工、进料加工合同项下进口的料、件和加工的成品、半成品,经主管部门批准转内销处理的,应视为一般进口货物,其中属于许可证管理的商品,应按规定补领进口许可证。不能补交进口许可证的,处货物等值以下,百分之十以上的罚款;未经主管部门批准擅自内销的,没收货物或追缴内销货物的等值价款,可以并处有关货物等值以下、百分之三十以上罚款,或者应缴税款三倍以下、一倍以上的罚款。 前款所涉及的料、件、成品、半成品,属于国家限制进口的机电产品的,按第八条规定处理。
第八条 来料加工、进料加工合同项下进口的国家限制进口的机电产品料、件和加工的成品、半成品,转为内销处理的,应视为一般进口货物,按规定补领进口许可证,不能补交进口许可证的,没收货物或追缴内销货物的等值价款,可以并处有关货物等值以下、百分之三十以上的罚款或者应缴税款三倍以下、一倍以上的罚款。
第九条 故意采取分签合同、分口岸或分批进口的方式,逃避许可证管理,证据确凿的,视情节分别按走私或违反海关监管规定论处。
以维修为名进口汽车、家用电器等国家限制进口商品的零配件,直接组装整车、整机证据确凿的,按前款规定处理。
第十条 对违反进出口许可证管理制度,进口高档消费品或国家限制进口的机电产品,出口国家紧缺物资的,从重处罚。
第十一条 对各级经贸管理部门违反规定的授权范围或不按进出口许可证管理制度规定签发的许可证,海关有权不予受理,有关货物不准进口或出口。
第十二条 对违反进出口许可证管理制度的其他行为,由海关按本规定的原则和其他有关规定处理。
第十三条 本规定所列行为构成走私罪的,应移送司法机关依法追究有关当事人的刑事责任。
第十四条 本规定自一九八九年二月一日起施行。

PROVISIONS FOR THE PUNISHMENT OF OFFENSES AGAINST THE IMPORT ANDEXPORT LICENCE CONTROL SYSTEM

(Promulgated on January 25, 1989)

Whole Doc.
Article 1
The Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Customs Law of
the People's Republic of China, the Interim Regulations of the People's
Republic of China on the Licence Control System for Import Goods, and the
Rules for the Implementation of Administrative Penalty under the Customs
Law of the People's Republic of China with a view to dealing seriously
with offenses against the import and export licence control system and
ensuring the effective implementation of this system.
Article 2
Any attempt to smuggle in or out goods through the forgery of import
or export licences shall be punished by confiscating the goods and a fine
equivalent to 30 percent or more of, but not more than, the value of the
goods; serious cases shall be dealt with by court in accordance with the
criminal law.
Article 3
Misreporting the names, specifications, etc. of import and export
goods in order to evade import licence control shall be punished by
confiscating the goods and a fine equivalent to at least 10 percent but no
more than 30 percent of the value of the goods; if the misreporting is
designed to evade export licence control, the goods shall be confiscated,
ordered to be returned or banned from export in addition to the aforesaid
fine.
Evading import licence control by misreporting goods under such
control as client-supplied or other materials being imported for
fulfilment of processing orders or in other names shall be punished by
confiscating the goods and a fine equivalent to at least 10 percent but no
more than 30 percent of the value of the goods.
Importing or exporting more licence-controlled goods than the amount
reported shall be punished by confiscating the goods in excess of the
reported amount (except those for which there are overflow or shortfall
provisions), together with a fine equivalent to at least 10 percent but no
more than 30 percent of the value of the said goods.
Concealing licence-controlled goods among goods not subject to
licence control shall be punished by confiscating the licence-controlled
goods and a fine equivalent to at least 10 percent but no more than 30
percent of the value of those goods.
Article 4
Altering the content, such as names, specifications, amounts or
periods of validity, of an import or export licence shall be punished by
confiscating the goods and a fine equivalent to at least 10 percent but no
more than 30 percent of the value of the goods.
In cases of illegally using the import or export licences issued to
others, the goods being imported or exported shall be dealt with in
accordance with the provisions of preceding clauses.
Article 5
In case of failure to produce the relevant licence in declaring
licence-controlled import goods, the goods shall be confiscated or ordered
to be shipped back, or, if the import licence is later submitted within
the time-limit set by Customs, a fine shall be imposed at an amount
equivalent to at least 5 percent but no more than 30 percent of the value
of the goods; in case of failure to produce the relevant licence in
declaring licence-controlled export goods, the goods shall be confiscated
or ordered to be shipped back.
Article 6
In case the goods are cleared by Customs through the signing of a
guaranty, but no licence is produced within the prescribed time-limit, the
goods shall be confiscated or an amount equivalent to the value of the
goods shall be paid as penalty, if the case proves to be a fraud because
there is no licence at all; or a fine equivalent to at least 5 percent but
no more than 30 percent of the value of the goods shall be imposed, if the
case proves to be one of delay and the licence is finally produced.
Article 7
When client-supplied and other materials and parts imported for
fulfilment of processing orders and the finished and semi-finished goods
produced therefrom are sold on the domestic market with the approval of
the competent authorities, they shall be regarded as ordinary imports and,
for those subject to licence control, import licences shall be submitted
retroactively in accordance with the relevant provisions. In case of
failure to produce the import licences, a fine equivalent to at least 10
percent of but no more than the value of the goods shall be imposed; in
case the sales are not approved by the competent authorities, the goods
shall be confiscated or an amount equivalent to the value of the goods
sold on the domestic market shall be paid as penalty, and a fine may be
imposed at the same time, which shall be equivalent to at least 30 percent
of but no more than the value of the goods or equivalent to at least 2
times but no more than 4 times the amount of the tax that should be paid.
If the aforesaid materials, parts, finished goods and semi-finished
goods are in the category of machinery and electrical appliances whose
import is restricted by the State, they shall be dealt with in accordance
with the provisions of Article 8.
Article 8
When client-supplied and other materials and parts imported for
fulfilment of processing orders and the finished and semi-finished goods
produced therefrom, which are in the category of machinery and electrical
appliances whose import is restricted by the State, are sold on the
domestic market, they shall be regarded as ordinary imports and import
licences shall be submitted retroactively in accordance with the relevant
provisions. In case of failure to produce the import licences, the goods
shall be confiscated or an amount equivalent to the value of the goods
sold on the domestic market shall be paid as penalty, and a fine may be
imposed at the same time, which shall be equivalent to at least 30 percent
of but no more than the value of the goods or equivalent to at least 2
times but no more than 4 times the amount of the tax that should be paid.
Article 9
Anyone who has been proved conclusively as having evaded licence
control by deliberately signing separate contracts or by importing goods
from different ports or in different instalments shall be penalized on the
merit of each case according to the provisions for the punishment of
smuggling or offenses against Customs supervision and control.
Anyone who has been proved conclusively to have imported parts and
components allegedly for the maintenance of motor vehicles or household
electrical appliances whose import is restricted by the State, and in fact
have used them to assemble complete motor vehicles or household electrical
appliances shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of the
preceding paragraph.
Article 10
Anyone who has imported high-grade consumer goods or machinery or
electrical appliances whose import is restricted by the State, or has
exported materials in short supply in the country, in violation of the
import and export licence control system shall be punished severely.
Article 11
In case any licences are signed by foreign economic relations and
trade departments at various levels that have exceeded their prescribed
terms of reference or are inconformable to the import and export licence
control system, the Customs shall have the right to reject these licences
and forbid the import or export of the goods concerned.
Article 12
Other offenses against the import and export licence control system
shall be dealt with by the Customs in accordance with the principles of
these Provisions and other pertinent provisions.
Article 13
If any of the offenses listed in these Provisions constitutes a crime
of smuggling, the case shall be transferred to the judicial department
where the parties concerned shall be tried according to law.
Article 14
These Provisions shall come into effect on February 1, 1989.